Methods and systems for distributing information within a dynamically defined community

ABSTRACT

One embodiment of the present invention distributes data via a network to remotely located users. Historical purchase information for a first user is stored in a database. Authorization is received over a network from the first user allowing a second user to view at least a portion of the historical purchase information. In addition, the first user selectively specifies which historical purchase information may be viewed by the second customer. An electronic notification is transmitted to the second user, wherein the notification informs the second user of the first user&#39;s authorization.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/715,850, filed Nov. 17, 2000 and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/166,547, filed Nov. 19, 1999 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/166,664, filed Nov. 19, 1999, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to information distribution and filtering. More specifically, this invention relates to information processing methods for assisting users in sharing information related to transactions conducted over a network.

2. Description of the Related Art

Networked systems have become an increasingly prevalent and vital technology. Networks, such as the Internet, allow large numbers of computer systems and people to swiftly transfer data across the globe. Despite the tremendous benefits afforded by networking large numbers of systems and people together, significant challenges are posed as well. It has become increasingly difficult to evaluate the quality of data accessed over networks. The data often comes from sources unknown by the recipient. Thus each recipient often has to individually evaluate each incoming datum. Because it is impractical for individuals to evaluate large quantities of data, and because certain types of data cannot be adequately evaluated using automated systems, valuable data concealed in vast amounts of less valuable data is often ignored.

For example, online merchant Web sites commonly provide various types of informational services for assisting users in evaluating products and other offerings. Such services can greatly aid consumers in deciding which product or offering to purchase. These informational services are particularly valuable for online purchases, where customers do not have the opportunity to physically inspect or try out products.

One type of information service involves providing feedback from product users. The feedback may be in the form of reviews. These reviews may be from professional reviewers or from customers. However, in conventional systems customer reviews often lack credibility, as consumers do not know if the review is from a “crank,” who disapproves of every product, or from a very easy to please customer, who likes every product. Thus, when reviews disagree, consumers do not know which review to rely upon, making the reviews less useful. Further, when there are large number of customer reviews, it may be a tedious and time-consuming process locating the more worthwhile reviews. Therefore valuable reviews are often ignored.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to information distribution and filtering. More specifically, this invention relates to information processing methods for assisting users in sharing information related to transactions conducted over a network, including historical purchase data and product evaluations. In one embodiment, in accordance with user instructions, a dynamic customer-defined community for exchanging information over a network is created. To further aid users, in one embodiment, data is distributed over a network to large numbers of remotely located individuals, one or more of which may provide feedback on the value or usefulness of the data.

For example, product reviews received from large numbers of product users may be distributed to large numbers of people, one or more of whom may evaluate one or more of the reviews. These evaluations may be used to indicate to readers the helpfulness or value of the reviews. Thus, one embodiment of the present invention advantageously helps on-line customers discover and evaluate products or offerings by presenting useful data or information, such as customer reviews, organized and presented so that the more useful reviews can be quickly located. By providing a system that allows customers to express their opinions and provide their expertise on products, customers can help each other determine what to buy and what to avoid. Further, customers reading other customers' reviews can rate the reviews, thereby helping identify which reviews are more useful, and which reviewers are more dependable.

The usefulness determination may be based on one or more factors. For example, the usefulness determination may be based on how similar the reviewer is in his or her opinions, interests, and preferences to those of the viewing customer. Similarly, past purchases, education level, and demographic information may also be used in helping determine the likely usefulness of a given reviewer's reviews to a given customer. Further, the usefulness determination may be based on how valuable other customers have found the reviewer's reviews, as described in greater detail below.

Customers may provide their reviews using a variety of techniques. For example, customers may provide a review by filling out a review form or other user interface. The review form may request a rating on a rating scale, a one-line review summary, the review itself, the customer's name, the customer's e-mail address, nickname, and/or other personal or identifying information, such as their photograph, geographical location, educational achievements, and so on. Customers may also be identified during sign-in, via a user ID and password, by reading a cookie stored on the customer's computer, or using other techniques, in conjunction with submitting a review. Optionally, customers may be allowed to provide reviews anonymously, that is, without identification. In one embodiment, the customer can specify whether one or more of the customer's name, e-mail addresses, and/or other personal or identifying information are to be later displayed in conjunction with the review, or if the review should be displayed anonymously.

For example, the reviews submitted by customers are later displayed in conjunction with the offer of the product for sale. For non-anonymous reviews, the reviewer's name or nickname, as selected by the reviewing customer, will be displayed in conjunction with the review. Further, non-anonymous customer reviews are optionally linked to a reviewing customer's public profile, which provides additional public information about the review author.

Customers reading the reviews can rate individual reviews based on their perceived usefulness. The review rating may include a point score and/or a “useful” or “not useful” designation. The review ratings allow identification of the more useful reviews as well as the identification of customers who tend to provide more useful reviews. Reviews provided on product detail pages may include an indication noting which reviews have been considered useful or valuable by others. Thus, customers can help other customers by not only providing product reviews, but also by rating or reviewing those reviews. This allows customers trying to decide which product to purchase to quickly focus on reviews that others have are already designated as being useful. Further, customers reviewing products benefit by knowing they are helping others.

Further, the reviews may automatically be ranked for display, and/or filtered out, based on the votes they receive. For example, assuming multiple reviews have been submitted for a particular product, those voted to be the most useful may be displayed first (e.g., closer to the top of a product detail page). The reviews voted to be the least useful may be displayed in a less prominent location (e.g., near the bottom of a product detail page), or may be filtered out (not displayed).

Customers may be ranked based on the tally of useful and/or useless votes that they have received on their reviews. These customers may be identified with appropriate language, markers or other indicators in association with their reviews and on their profile page. For example, a reviewing customer may have a designation of “top 100” reviewer if the customer received enough “useful” votes to place the customer in the top 100 reviewers. This provides customers valuable feedback on how well they write reviews and provides a psychological incentive to improve their reviews so as to achieve a better designation.

Furthermore, customers looking for reviews by a highly rated reviewer can activate a link to view some or all of the reviews written by that reviewer. Thus, if a customer identifies a reviewer that the customer particularly likes, the customer can quickly access reviews by that reviewer. Further, when viewing reviews of a product, the customer can specify that a selected reviewer's review be presented first, at the beginning of a list of reviews. In one embodiment, the customer can specify that reviews written by a selected reviewer or reviewers by e-mailed to the customer.

In addition, another novel aspect of one embodiment of the present invention is that customers are given the ability to selectively share with other customers or people they know information about items they have purchased. A customer may be able to specify which specific individuals and/or groups the information is to be shared with. Further, the customer may specify that different types of information are to be shared with different specific individuals and/or groups.

By sharing their purchase information as well as other types of information, customers can help each other make better purchase decisions. Thus, the present invention provides an efficient and accurate method of gathering customer purchase information and opinions, and sharing that information with designated recipients. These recipients can then base at least some of their future purchase decisions on the recommendations, experiences and purchase histories of others, and in particular, people they know and/or trust.

A novel infrastructure is provided that captures and stores customer-to-customer relationships for future use. This infrastructure facilitates future sharing of other types of information such as wish list, reviews, auctions, favorite artists, instant recommendations, shipping address, and so on.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary systems, processes, services and pages which implement the various features will now be described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1A-B illustrate example profile pages for entering information related to a customer's profile;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example page used to add a picture to the profile page illustrated in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 3A illustrates an example public profile page, including profile information entered into the profile page illustrated in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 3B illustrates an example customized review page;

FIG. 3C illustrates and example page including reviews written by the user associated with the profile page illustrated in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4 illustrates a product information page, including a review, a rating associated with the review author, and including a link to a review entry page;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example review entry page;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example page listing reviewers having selected rankings;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example online process for receiving, processing, and presenting evaluations for reviews of the type shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 8 is an architectural schematic illustrating an exemplary set of components which may be used to implement the customer profile form, customer reviews, rating of customer reviews, rating of reviewers, and personal purchase circles;

FIGS. 9A-C illustrate an explanation page that explains what the different statuses that can be assigned by one customer to another customer;

FIGS. 10A-B illustrate an example customer purchase sharing page for specifying for which of a customer's purchases is information to be shared with designated others;

FIG. 11A illustrates an example page used by a customer to specify who may view the customer's purchase sharing page;

FIG. 11B illustrates an example page used by a customer to change the status of another user with respect the customer and to display who has been invited to view the customer's purchase sharing page but has not responded; and

FIG. 12 illustrates an example e-mail notification informing an invitee to view a customer's purchases page.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Throughout the following description, the term “Web site” is used to refer to a user-accessible network site that implements the basic World Wide Web standards for the coding and transmission of hypertextual documents. These standards currently include HTML (the Hypertext Markup Language) and HTTP (the Hypertext Transfer Protocol). It should be understood that the term “site” is not intended to imply a single geographic location, as a Web or other network site can, for example, include multiple geographically distributed computer systems that are appropriately linked together. Furthermore, while the following description relates to an embodiment utilizing the Internet and related protocols, other networks, such as networked interactive televisions, and other protocols may be used as well. In the figures, words and phrases are underlined to indicate a hyperlink to a document or Web page related to the underlined word or phrase. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, the functions described herein are preferably performed by executable code running on one or more general purpose or computers or on servers.

The present invention relates to information processing methods for assisting users in sharing information related to transactions conducted over a network, including historical purchase data and product evaluations. In addition, in one embodiment, is related to feedback processing, and in particular to methods and systems for processing distributed feedback received over a network. Data is distributed over a network to large numbers of remotely located individuals, one or more of which may provide feedback on the value or usefulness of the data.

Advantageously, a review processing system helps customers select which items to purchase and helps customers learn about products or offerings by presenting useful information, such as customer-authored product reviews. Customers can thus help each other determine what to buy and what to avoid. Further, customers can rate product reviews, thereby identifying which reviews are the most useful and which reviewers tend to provide more useful reviews. For example, product reviews received from large numbers of product users by an online merchant may be distributed to large numbers of people, one or more of whom may evaluate one or more of the reviews. To help customers quickly locate the more helpful reviews, these evaluations may be aggregated and displayed in association with the reviews. Reviewer profiles are generated so that customers can better locate reviewers whose opinions they are more likely to find helpful. The review processing system may be associated with a particular merchant Web site, or may be used across multiple Web sites for several corresponding merchants.

As described in greater detail below, to further provide helpful customer generated shopping information, customers can selectively share information regarding purchases with friends, family, and others.

Because consumers or customers are very interested in product reviews by other customers, and in purchases made by those who opinions they value, a merchant which provides such customer reviews, helpful review ratings, and provides for the sharing of purchase information among customers, is more likely to be visited by additional consumers. These additional visiting consumers may make purchases at the merchant's site, thereby improving the merchants sales.

The following detailed description will first describe the process of generating customer profiles, then describe the actual review generation and display process, the process of reviewing reviews, and the process of ranking reviewers. In addition, a novel process whereby customers can automatically and selectively share their purchase information with each other will be described. Additional embodiments of the present invention will then be described with reference to the figures.

As discussed above, in addition to providing customer reviews, a profile is optionally generated for a given customer reviewer. As will be discussed in greater detail below, all or portions of the profile may be presented in conjunction with the reviewer's reviews as part of the reviewer's public profile. This provides a more tangible identity readers can better relate to, and further enhances the credibility of the reviews.

The generation of reviewer profiles will now be discussed in more detail. The customer profile is stored in a customer database located connected to the merchant's Web site. Initially, the profile may contain limited or no information. Information may be added to the profile using a variety of techniques. For example, when a customer goes through a setup process, discussed in greater detail below, a profile template or form is presented to the customer. The customer may enter profile additional information into the form and specify what additional information is to be displayed on the customer's public profile page, that is, the page or pages containing profile information viewable by the public.

In one embodiment, even if the customer has not gone through the profile setup process, when the customer writes a non-anonymous review, those non-anonymous reviews will appear either directly or as a link on a customer's public profile page, also termed a “user page” or an “about you area” page. However, in this instance, the profile page will not contain profile information received from the profile setup process.

In addition, where the reviewer has not gone through the profile generation process, in order to associate reviews with a particular reviewer, past non-anonymous reviews are analyzed, and based on the e-mail addresses associated with the past non-anonymous reviews, the review processing system deduces which customer account or accounts are likely to be associated with the review author. Corresponding account identifiers are then included in the customer's public profile for later confirmation by the customer. An e-mail or Web site notification is optionally provided to the customer, informing the customer of the added public profile information and, where appropriate, requesting confirmation of the added information. Further, in one embodiment, the profile page will not show any customer information until the customer explicitly sets up his or her page.

The customer/author profile may include one or more of the following:

-   -   1. Author's picture     -   2. Author's self description     -   3. Author's nickname     -   4. Author's name     -   5. Author's e-mail address     -   6. The non-anonymous reviews that the author has written     -   7. The number of non-anonymous reviews that the author has         written     -   8. The number of useful or helpful votes that each review has         received     -   9. The number of useful or helpful votes that the author has         received through his or her reviews     -   10. The date the customer first became a customer, registered,         created the profile, and/or last edited the profile     -   11. Hobbies     -   12. Favorite sports teams     -   13. Previously purchased products     -   14. Customer demographic information, optional including one or         more of the following: geographical location, age, gender,         profession, education, income, marital status, number of         children, political affiliations, religious affiliations,         ethnicity     -   15. The author's preferred or favorite reviewer or reviewers         The above profile items are discussed in greater detail below.

For one or more of the above items, the customer is optionally allowed to designate which items are to be public, that is, available for viewing by anyone visiting the merchant Web site, and which items are to be private, that is, not available to the general public. For example, in one embodiment, viewing of private items is restricted to the customer. In another embodiment, viewing of private items is restricted to the customer and to those specifically designated by the customer. Optionally, the review processing system can designate certain information to be public and certain information to be private.

A preview of the public profile is presented to the customer for approval or for editing before the profile is published. Customers can then later edit their profile information, as well as the private/public designations. The edited information may be updated upon submission of the changes, or it may take a period of time until the changes are made available to others.

A viewer can access a public profile page by activating a link within or adjacent to a review provided by the customer, by typing in the customer's name, and/or by searching on the customer's name or nickname. The public profile may include or link to the customer's public profile information, non-anonymous reviews written by the customer, and other information. Furthermore, as discussed below, the reviews may optionally be displayed in conjunction or linked to customer feedback with respect to the reviews. The customer feedback may be in the form of ratings of the customer's reviews and/or the number of “useful” and “non-useful” votes received for the reviews. In addition, the customer's overall review rating or ranking based on ratings provided by others can be displayed. The count of all the reviews a customer has written may also be displayed. The customer may optionally be allowed to designate some or all of this information as private or public.

The profile items listed above will now be discussed in greater detail. With respect to the review author's picture, by including a customer's picture on the customer's public profile page, the reviewer will have more creditability with readers of his or her review, and reader can better identify or relate to the reviewer. In one embodiment, customers can optionally supply a URL to an image, such as picture or photograph, located at another Web site. The photograph may be shown immediately with the profile once the profile is published. In one embodiment, the customer can supply any size picture, however the width and height may be restricted through the use of an appropriate image tag.

Customers may be allowed to later change the URL to their picture. Once a new URL is provided, the changed URL may be available immediately. In another embodiment, rather than provide a URL to a photograph, customers may upload a photograph to the merchant Web site, which then hosts the photograph so that it can be served to remote terminals used by viewers.

With respect to the self-description information, customers can describe themselves in a free-form manner, allowing customers to build any identity, real or imagined, for viewing by others. The self-description may be limited to a certain number of characters, such as 4,000 characters. After the self-description is submitted, any HTML tags may optionally be deleted before storing the description in the database. Customers may be allowed to designate their self-description as public or private. The self-description field may optionally pre-populate if the customer has already provided the self-description, such as during the registration process when entering a wish list.

With respect to a review author's nickname, inclusion of a nickname as part of the customer's profile advantageously allows customers to maintain a significant level of anonymity and to create an alter ego by posting reviews under their nickname rather than their actual name. At the same time, by including nicknames, reviews will still be attached to a tangible identity, adding credibility to the reviews and allowing readers of the review to “get to know” the reviewer.

While in one embodiment the same nickname may be used by more than one customer, in another embodiment, nicknames are unique, so that two people cannot have the same public identity. However, to allow greater freedom in choosing nickname, optionally, only active nicknames have to be unique. Thus, when a customer creating his or her profile enters a nickname, that nickname is compared to already existing customer nicknames. If someone else is using the entered nickname, then the customer may be requested to select a different nickname. The process repeats until the customer either enters or selects a unique nickname or exits the nickname selection process. In order to speed-up the selection of a nickname, the customer is optionally presented with a selection of unique nicknames from which to choose or may be assigned a nickname.

Nicknames may be used by customers to quickly locate reviewer-related information. For example, when someone wants to locate information on a particular customer, or locate other reviews by a particular customer, they may enter the customer nickname into a search field and activate a search function. The requester is then presented with the customer's public profile page, including the customer's reviews or links to the customer's reviews. This search feature allows users to quickly and easily find pages and reviews associated with a given reviewer and nickname. In one embodiment, if a searcher enters a previous customer nickname that is no longer in active use, the entered nickname will be compared against inactive or historical nicknames. If a match is found, the searcher is be presented with the reviewer's profile page and reviews, as well as a notification of the reviewer's new nickname.

The customer's nicknames as well as some or all of the other customer profile information may be used across multiple sites and electronic commerce stores associated with a merchant and/or a merchant site. For purposes of illustration, the merchant Web site in the disclosed implementation is the Web site of Amazon.com. As is well known in the field of Internet commerce, the Amazon.com site includes functionality for allowing users to browse and make online purchases from a catalog of millions of book titles, as well as to purchase toys, games, electronics, music, videos, home improvement items, cars, and the like. Amazon has an associated auction site, as well as “zShops,” and other retail stores. A selected customer nickname may be used across several or all of the sites associated with Amazon, which is a significant convenience for the customer. In another embodiment, different nicknames may be used for different related sites, as well as for unrelated sites.

To enhance user customization, customers may optionally be allowed to change their nicknames. The new nickname may be immediately available or may be available after a time lag. Optionally, a customer may be required to select a nickname and have the nickname displayed on their public profile page and/or their reviews. In another embodiment, the selection of a nickname is optional, and the user may elect to keep the nickname private. In one embodiment, in response to a search request or the activation of a nickname history link, or other user actions, a customer and/or other viewers may be presented with nickname history, that is, a list of previous nicknames associated with the customer.

To further personalize communications with customers, the customer's nickname or actual name, as included in the customer's profile information, may be used as part of a salutation or greeting to the customer when communicating to the customer. For example, if the customer's name is “John Doe,” e-mails or customer-specific Web pages may include the greeting “Hi John!” or “Hello Mr. Doe” The customer name will optionally pre-populate a profile template name field if the customer has already provided the name, such as during a customer registration process, while creating a wish list, while ordering a product, or while otherwise accessing the merchant Web site.

With respect to the author's e-mail address, customers can choose to communicate with visitors to their public page by having their e-mail address displayed to viewers. Optionally, to better ensure the integrity of the review process, customers may be required to supply an e-mail address. The e-mail address may be displayed as soon as the profile page is published. In one embodiment, e-mail addresses do not have to be unique. If there are multiple identical e-mail address, an e-mail address selection process will uses selection and validation rules. Optionally, as a default, the e-mail address is designated as “private,” that is, not displayed to the public. However, the customer can change the designation to “public,” in which case the customer's e-mail address will be displayed on the customer's public profile page The e-mail address field may optionally pre-populate if the customer has already provided the e-mail address, such as during the registration process.

In order to prevent unauthorized access, authentication of the customer is performed before permitting the customer to setup or edit a profile. For example, before accessing a profile page, customers may be required to register and/or to have already purchased items from an associated merchant site. The registration process may request that the customer provide information such as name, shipping address, billing address, and/or e-mail address. Customers may also be identified or otherwise authenticated during sign-in, via a user ID and password or otherwise recognized, in conjunction with submitting a review. In one embodiment, the customer can specify whether one or more of the customer's name, e-mail addresses, and/or other personal or identifying information are to be later displayed in conjunction with the review. Optionally, reviewers may be allowed to provide reviews anonymously, that is, without identification.

One embodiment of the review entry process will now be described. In one embodiment, a “review entry” link may be provided in association with a product. By activating the link, a user is presented with a review entry form. The review form accessed by the customer may request a rating on a rating scale, a grade, a one-line review summary, and/or a full textual review.

Optionally, to insure the integrity of the reviews, a potential reviewer is authenticated before being allowed to submit a review. If the potential reviewer has not yet established an account, the potential reviewer is asked to establish a customer account. Alternatively, anyone may be allowed to submit a review.

To further increase the integrity of the review process, customers may be restricted to submitting or having displayed only one review for each product. This avoids having one customer who loves or hates a product from skewing the impression upon readers by submitting multiple reviews stating one point of view. Thus, in one embodiment, a review database is analyzed to determine if the customer has previously submitted a review of a given product. If not, then the review is accepted and stored in the review database for later display.

If the customer has previously submitted a review for the product, the reviewer is so notified and prevented from submitting additional reviews for that product. In another embodiment, the new review may be accepted, but not displayed. In still another embodiment, the customer may be offered a choice of which review is to be displayed. In yet another embodiment, the new review is accepted, stored, and later displayed in associated with the product, but the older review is automatically removed from display on the merchant Web site, and optionally deleted from the review database.

If the customer has not yet filled out a profile form, such a form may now be presented to the customer before the review form is provided. As previously described, personal information, such as the customer's name, the customer's e-mail address, nickname, and/or other personal or identifying information, such as photograph, geographical location, education, and so on, may be requested or some or all of the information may have already been gathered during the registration process.

The reviews submitted by customers are later displayed in conjunction with the offer of the product for sale. For non-anonymous reviews, the reviewer's name or nickname as selected by the reviewing customer, will be displayed in conjunction with the review. Further, as discussed below, non-anonymous customer reviews optionally link to the reviewing customer's public profile provides additional information about the author of the review.

The customer may elect to have the review displayed with all or a portion of the customer's name as provided during the registration process, or may elect to have the customer's nickname displayed instead. As a default, all or a portion of the customer's nickname as entered in the customer's profile page will be displayed in association with the customer's review, unless the customer instructs otherwise. If the customer has not created a public profile, then as default, all or a portion of the customer's actual name will be displayed, subject to change by the customer. Alternatively, the consumer may elect to have the review presented anonymously, that is, without a customer identifier, such as a name or nickname.

In one embodiment, the customer's name or nickname presented in association with non-anonymous reviews is linked to the customer's profile page. Thus, when a viewer activates the link, the viewer will be presented with the customer's profile page, including the information that the customer has designated as “public,” but excluding the information that the customer has designated as “private.” If the review is anonymous, then the review is not linked to the customer's profile page.

The evaluation and rating of reviews will now be described in detail. To further enhance the usefulness of customer reviews, and to enable other customers to more quickly and accurately locate useful customer reviews, individual customer reviews may be rated or reviewed by others. For example, the customer reviews may be rated or voted on as “very useful,” “very helpful,” “useful,” “helpful,” “not helpful,” or “not useful” by others, or the customer reviews may be rated on a point or star system, where the higher the number of points or stars, the more useful or the better the review. In one embodiment, rating of customer reviews may be restricted to other customers, as opposed to the general public reading the reviews. This enhances the reliability of the ratings, as it is less likely that the other customers will be pranksters giving random ratings than is the case with non-customers. However, in another embodiment, the rating of customer reviews may be performed by the general public, to thereby obtain a larger voting base.

To ensure the integrity of the rating process, if a customer has previously rated or reviewed a review, the customer is so notified and prevented from submitting additional ratings for that review. In another embodiment, the new rating may be accepted, but not displayed. In still another embodiment, the customer may be offered a choice of which of the customer's ratings is to be used. In yet another embodiment, the new rating is accepted, stored, and later used in rating the reviewer, but the older rating is automatically no longer user in rating and/or rating the reviewer. To further ensure the integrity of the rating process, customers are optionally prevented from rating their own reviews. Once a customer has submitted their rating of the review, the customer may be redirected back to the product item page from which the customer had previously linked to provide the rating.

The number of “useful” and/or “not useful” votes or the like that a review has received may affect how the review is displayed on the merchant Web site. In addition, the number of “useful” and/or “not useful” votes that a customer's reviews receives may affect how information about the reviewer is displayed on the Web site.

Customers may be ranked based on the tally of useful and/or useless votes, or the like, that their reviews have received. In tallying votes, a “useful” vote may have a value of “1,” and a “not useful” vote may have a value of “−1.” For example, a reviewer with 100 “useful” votes and 20 “not useful” votes may have a tally or score of 80. In another embodiment, the tally may be based on only “useful” or on only “not useful” votes, or equivalents thereof. The “useful” and “not useful” votes may optionally be assigned different values. For example, a “useful” vote may be assigned a value of “2” and a “not useful” vote may be assigned a value of “−0.5,” so that “useful” votes are weighted more heavily than “not useful” votes.

Optionally, the tally of ratings given to anonymous reviews is tracked separately from those given to non-anonymous reviews. In addition, the total tally of all ratings may also be tracked. In one embodiment, a rating of a reviewer's anonymous review is given less weight then that of a rating of a non-anonymous review by the reviewer. For example, a “useful” vote for a non-anonymous review by a given reviewer may be assigned a value of “2,” while a “useful” vote for an anonymous review by the given reviewer may be assigned a value of “1.” Generally, this allows non-anonymous reviews and their authors to more easily attain higher scores or ratings than anonymous reviews, thereby encouraging reviewers to provide non-anonymous reviews, which generally appear more credible to readers.

The tally or tallies discussed above may be continuously calculated in substantially real-time as new ratings are received, or periodically, such as once every day.

All or some of the ranked customer reviewers may be identified with appropriate language, markers or other indicators in association with their reviews and/or on their profile page. For example, each customer review may have the tally, score, rating and/or ranking displayed with or linked to the review. In another example, only selected reviewers are identified by their rating or score. For example, only reviewers having a tally or score above a certain amount or having a certain rating or better may be identified. Thus, in one embodiment, a reviewing customer may have a designation of “top 100” reviewer if the customer received enough “useful” votes and/or few enough “not useful” votes to place the customer in the top 100 reviewers. This provides customers valuable feedback of how well they write reviews and provides a psychological incentive to improve their reviews so as to achieve a better designation.

In one embodiment, where a “useful” or helpful vote is worth 1 point, and a “not useful” or “not helpful” vote is worth 1 point, and the customer/reviewer score is equal to the useful votes minus the not useful votes, the following or similar designations are displayed to viewers next to the reviewer's reviews, review summaries, and/or public profile page:

Score Designation <250 No designation 250-999 “Trusted Reviewer” 999-4999 “Very Trusted Reviewer” >4999 “Most Trusted Reviewer”

The reviewer may be given a reward in recognition of achieving or bettering a predetermined score, rating or ranking. For example, if the reviewer has achieved a score of better than 999, the reviewer may receive a discount, gift certificate, or free product. Other types of rewards may include having items that the reviewer is auctioning be given highlighted or given special emphasis. In addition, information, or a link to information, on the auction item or other item for sale by the reviewer may be included on the review's profile page.

In addition, a reviewer's rating may affect the positioning of the reviewer's review in a group of reviews. For example, the better the rating of the reviewer, the better or higher positioning of the reviewer's review. The review placement may be based on other factors in addition to or instead of the reviewer rating, such as on the recentness of the review, the number of similar products purchased by the reviewer from the merchant site, or other factors. Further, the placement of a given review within a group of reviews may be different from viewer to viewer.

For example, the placement of a given review may be based at least partly on the viewer's profile and/or purchase history, and not just on the reviewer's rating or rating. Similarly, if a reviewer has been designated as a favorite or preferred reviewer by the viewer, then a review by that reviewer may be given higher or more prominent placement. In one embodiment, the placement of a given reviewer's review in a group of reviews may be partly based on how similar the reviewer is in his or her opinions and preferences to those of the viewing customer.

Thus, for example, if the product being reviewed is a book, the review of a first reviewer with a relatively lower rating or ranking than a second reviewer, but who has purchased several of the same or similar books as the viewer, may have a higher placement than a review from the second, higher ranked reviewer, who has purchased relatively fewer or none of the same or similar books as the viewer. However, for another viewer with different characteristics or having a different purchase history, the second reviewer's review may have a higher placement than the first viewer.

The reviewer's geographical location, education, expressed interest in various areas, such as history, science, and so on, as compared to that of the viewer, may affect the review placement as well. Information about the viewer's characteristics, including the viewer's purchase history, may be retrieved from a cookie stored on the viewer's computer and/or retrieved from the viewer's account information stored in a merchant database.

The placement of the customer's own review may be given a prominent placement when the customer activates a link or otherwise accesses reviews for a particular item or product that the customer has reviewed. For example, the customer's own review may be provided as the first review and/or may be bolded, specially colored, or otherwise emphasized.

In order to appropriately place reviews, in one embodiment the viewer's identity is ascertained so that the viewer's characteristics may be stored in the viewer's customer profile, and can be located in the appropriate customer database. The viewer's identity may be determined by reading the viewer's cookie, by the viewer logging in to the Web site, or using other known techniques. The term “identity” is used to refer to one or more of the viewer's actual name, the viewer's account, the viewer's computer, or other types of identity.

To further facilitate customers' ability to locate useful reviews, customers looking for reviews by a highly rated reviewer can activate a link to view several or all of the reviews written by that reviewer. Thus, if a customer identifies a reviewer that the customer particularly likes, the customer can quickly access reviews for different products or items by that reviewer. Further, when viewing reviews of a product, the customer can specify that a selected reviewer's review be presented first, at the beginning of a list of reviews. In one embodiment, the customer can specify that reviews written by a selected reviewer or reviewers by e-mailed to the customer.

In addition, a customer can request that only the reviews of reviewers having achieved a high rating should be displayed. For example, the customer can select the rating level that a reviewer or review needs to achieve before the review is displayed to the customer. The customer can also request that the customer be notified when a particular reviewer submits a new review. The customer may request that the notifications be filtered based on the item being reviewed, the category of item being reviewed, when the particular reviewer provides a favorable review, such as a 3 star or better review. Thus, customer can quickly find out when a new, well received product is available. In addition, the customer may be request that the customer be notified whenever a new review is submitted for a selected item. The notifications are then provided in accordance with the customer's requests.

Thus, the review evaluations allow customers deciding which product to purchase to quickly focus on helpful reviews that others have are ready designated as being useful. In addition, a customer can quickly access reviews by reviewers whose opinion the customer values. Further, customers rating products benefit by knowing they are helping others.

In addition, another novel aspect of one embodiment of the present invention provides customers the ability to selectively and automatically share with others information about items they have purchased. The customer can specify which specific individuals and/or groups the information is to be shared with. Further, the customer may specify that different types of information are to be shared with different specific individuals and/or groups. Customers are thereby provided the ability to dynamically specify which information should be kept private and how private to keep certain information.

By selectively sharing purchase information, reviews, as well as other types of information online, customers can help each other make better purchase decisions while maintaining a desired level of privacy, thereby increasing customer satisfaction and decreasing returns. Thus, the present invention provides an efficient and accurate method of gathering and customer purchase information and opinions, and sharing that information with designated recipients. These recipients can then use the recommendations, experiences and purchase histories of others, particularly those of people they know and trust, in making their own purchase decisions.

In addition, one embodiment of the present invention provides a novel infrastructure that captures and stores customer-to-customer relationships for future use. In addition to the sharing of purchase information, the novel infrastructure facilitates the sharing of other types of customer information, such as wish lists, reviews, auctions, favorite artists, instant recommendations, shipping address, and so on.

The selective sharing of customer information will now be described. As is discussed in greater detail below, customers can define a “Personal Purchase Circle” set that includes a list or designation of people and/or groups that a customer has given permission to see his or her purchases, opinions, and/or ratings. The Personal Purchase Circle operates generally by tracking purchases of items, such as books, movies, or other items, made by the customer as well as corresponding “private” rating or reviews, and sharing the purchase and private review information with a one or more people or groups as specified by or defined by the customer. In addition, if the customer has been provided permission to see the purchases of others, that list may be provided to those who the customer has given viewing permission to. Thus, a dynamic customer-defined community for exchanging information is created. By way of example: If Ken has given Brian and Warren permission to see his purchases, and Maryam has given Ken permission to see her purchases, then Brian, Warren, and Maryam make up Ken's Personal Purchase Circle.

Once a person has been added to a customer's Personal Purchase Circle, a notification or invitation may be provided to the added person, also termed an invitee. For example, the added person may be notified via e-mail or a message on the merchant's Web site that she or he has been added to the customer's Personal Purchase Circle. The notification may contain a link to the customer's profile page, described below, to provide easy access. If the invitee activates the link, the invitation is considered accepted. The customer may be provided with a notification that the invitee has accepted the invitation and/or view the customer's profile page.

In addition, an e-mail and/or Web notification may be provided to a customer when a member of the customer's Personal Purchase Circle bought purchased a new item or when other changes occurred to the member's profile page. Optionally, customers may request not to be sent any type of notification, or request not to be notified by e-mail but have notification provided on the merchant Web site, or request not to be notified via a Web page display, but have notification provided by e-mail.

To reduce or prevent spam or unwanted e-mail, in one embodiment and an invitee will not get more than a specified number invitations from the same customer. The specified number may optionally be set by the customer and/or the Web site manager. The e-mail addresses and customer IDs that a customer has already sent an invitation to are tracked. The customer is prevented from sending more invitations to the invitee than the specified number limit.

Each address entered into the invite box may be evaluated against one or more of the following set of rules. If the invitee e-mail address provided by customer fails to match those in a customer database associated with the Web site, a one-use token is sent to that e-mail address. The one-use token includes a link to a Web page that asks the invitee to sign-in as a customer if the invitee has already established an customer account. If the invitee does successfully sign-in as a customer, then the e-mail address is stored in association with the invite's customer account.

The invitee may also be asked to establish a customer account if the invitee is not yet a customer. If the e-mail address provided by the customer does match the e-mail address of an existing customer, an e-mail is sent to the invitee, including a link to a registration page, where the invitee can apply to be a registered customer with his or her own profile page. Generally, an e-mail is sent to the specified e-mail address, where the e-mail includes links to two URLs. The first link's to the inviting customer's profile page. The second link is in the form of a one-use token in case the e-mail address of the invitee is not their primary Amazon.com account.

If the e-mail address provided by the inviting customer matches two or more customer accounts in the customer database, in one embodiment the customer account with the most recent order date will be considered the invitee. In another embodiment, the account with the most orders will be considered the invitee. The validity of e-mail addresses may be verified to prevent invitations to likely distribution lists or other suspect addresses, such as those beginning with postmaster@, root@, or administrator@. The customer may view a list of the customer's invitees as well as a list of invitees who have accepted the customer's invitation to view the customer's profile page.

A customer may selectively designate via the “profile page” which purchases, opinions and ratings are to be visible to customers within the customer's personal purchase circle. In addition, the profile page can list the other people in the customer's Personal Purchase Circle. By way of example: Brian and Warren can to go to Ken's profile page to see his purchases and what Ken thought about each purchase in the form of a rating or other review-type. In one embodiment, the customer, Ken in this example, can edit his profile page and selectively remove and/or add information about individual item purchases to his profile page. In addition, the profile page may display other customer-related information, such as the customer's wish list, reviews, auctions, favorite artists, instant recommendations, shipping address, demographic information, other profile information, and so on.

A customer can selectively allow those in the customer's Personal Purchase Circle to view who else is in the customer's Personal Purchase Circle. Those in the customer's Personal Purchase Circle who are permitted view who else is in the customer's Personal Purchase Circle are termed “Friend's of Friends.” If, for example, Brian, Warren, and Maryam make up Ken's Personal Purchase Circle, then if so allowed, Maryam may be informed that Brian and Warren are also part of Ken's Personal Purchase Circle. Optionally, Maryam can also invite Brian and Warren to her Personal Purchase Circle. In one embodiment, Maryam cannot view Brian's and Warren's purchases unless they give her their corresponding permission.

When a customer adds a “friend of a friend” to her or his own Personal Purchase Circle, the notification to the invitee will state the name or nickname of the mutual friend. For example, Warren may go to Ken's profile page and see that Brian is also in Ken's Personal Purchase Circle. Warren then invites Brian to his own Personal Purchase Circle. The notification to Brian may state that “Warren (through Ken's profile page) has invited you to his Personal Purchase Circle.” Thus, the invitee knows from whose profile page the invitor learned of the invitee.

To prevent unauthorized access to setup or edit a Personal Purchase Circle, authentication of the customer is requested. In setting up a Personal Purchase Circle, the customer may be presented with a form that includes one or fields or links allowing the customer to designate who is allowed to view the customer's purchases. The designation may be in the form of a person's e-mail address, name, nickname, or other identifying information.

The selective designation of purchases for viewing by other customers will now be discussed. All or a portion of the customer's purchase history is displayed for the customer, who may then decide or designate which purchases may be viewed by those in the customer's Personal Purchase Circle and which may not be viewed. In addition, the customer can review each listed purchase. The review may be include or be in the form of a grade, a point rating, or a star rating, where for example, 1 star is the worst rating and 5 stars is the best rating, and/or provide textual comments, if so desired. Customer's may then edit all or a portion of a notification or invitation to members of the customer's Personal Purchase Circle, informing them that they are invited to view the customer's profile page. The customer may be provided with a preview of what members of the customer's Personal Purchase Circle will see when they visit the customer's profile page.

The profile page may include one or more of the following:

-   -   1. A customer's purchases and a respective rating and/or review         for each purchase.     -   2. A customer's favorite Community Purchase Circles (i.e. MIT,         NY, etc). Community Purchase Circles, also termed as Community         Interests, operates generally by tracking purchases of books,         movies, or other items within particular user communities, such         as particular cities, companies, universities, and the like.         Additional details on a networked system for collecting and         distributing Community Interest related information are         described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/377,447, titled USE OF         CONTACT INFORMATION TO ASSIST USERS IN EVALUATING ITEMS, filed         Aug. 19, 1999, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its         entirety.     -   3. The other members of the customer's Personal Purchase Circle         (Friends of Friends)     -   4. The ability to reciprocate the sharing with the customer and         the other members of the customer's Personal Purchase Circle.     -   5. A counter to count the number of page views.

With each new purchase, the customer is asked whether the customer wants to designate the purchase as private or hidden, or if the purchase information may be shared with members of his or her Personal Purchase Circle. If the customer designates the purchase as public, then the purchase and related information will be automatically shared with a customer's Personal Purchase Circle by e-mail, Web page notification, and/or the customer's profile page. In one embodiment, unless the customer explicitly states that the purchase is to be hidden or private, the purchase is shared with the Personal Purchase Circle.

One embodiment of the present invention which may be used with Amazon's one-click feature will now be described. Amazon's one-click feature is well known to those of ordinary skill in the field of Internet commerce and is the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 5,960,411, assigned to Amazon.com, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. If a customer has previously set up a Personal Purchase Circle and has the one-click featured enabled, then a check box or an equivalent field will appear in the “buy” check box, indicating the customer's willingness to display the one-clicked purchased item to those in their Personal Purchase Circle.

For customers that have not yet set up a Personal Purchase Circle, a prompt to set up a Personal Purchase Circle may be displayed on a one-click “thank-you page” and/or an order or thank-you page.

A set of online services will now be described in detail. The services will initially be described with reference to example screen displays which illustrate the services from the perspective of end users. A set of example processes and executable components that may be used to implement the services with be described with reference to architectural and flow diagrams.

FIGS. 1A-B illustrate example profile pages or forms for entering information related to a customer's profile. The forms may be displayed on a Web site, such as one associated with an on-line merchant. The forms allow users to enter information about the user. Some, of the information is viewable to the public and some may be selectively shared.

As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the user can enter a nickname and the user's e-mail address. In addition, the text or a link to the text of one or more reviews written by the user will appear on the user's profile page. The user may also add a picture or graphic to the profile by activating a “Your Picture” edit button. In addition, by activating the “click here” text, the user is presented with a form wherein the user can enter a free-form textual description of his or herself. The profile page further presents in an “at a glance” section a summary of the number of purchases the user has agreed to share and the number of items on the user's wish list. By activating the “Shared Purchases” link, the user is presented with a list of the purchases the user has agreed to share with designated others, termed “trusted friends.” The list of purchases may also include associated private reviews.

FIG. 1B illustrates a form used to enter the user's personal, free-form textual description. In this example, the user is limited to 4,000 characters. In addition, the personal descriptions are automatically designated as public, that is, available for viewing by all customers. In another embodiment, the user can selectively make the personal description public or private. Once the user has entered the personal description, the user can activate the Submit button and the review will be stored in the client account database and displayed on the user's profile page.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example page used to add a picture to the profile page illustrated in FIG. 1A. In this example, the user can enter a URL into a URL field for a location where the user has stored an image. Once the user activates the Submit button, the Web site then retrieves the image for display on the user's profile page. In addition, the image may be scaled to save on storage space and to fit in the area designated to receive the image on the profile page. The user may also select from one or more graphics or images provided on the Web site page. Once the user selects the desired graphic or image by activating a Choose button, the graphic or image will appear on the user's profile page when viewed.

FIG. 3A illustrates an example public profile page, termed an “about you area,” including profile information entered into the profile page illustrated in FIG. 1. The user nickname Johnny Ex, is designated as viewable by the public so that anyone can view it. The user name, John Example, and user e-mail address JohnExample@Example, are designated as viewable only to those viewers specified by the user, who are termed “trusted friends.” The personal description section displays a personal description using the form illustrated in FIG. 1B.

An “at a glance” section on the page illustrated in FIG. 3A notifies the user that the user has specified that information for 2 of the user's purchases can be shared with the trusted friends. The “at a glance” section further notifies how many other customers the user as designated as “favorite people,” that is other shoppers, friends, and favorite reviewers that the user likes, trusts or whose opinions the user is interested in. The user can add a customer to the user's favorite people list, via their profile page, or via their e-mail address. Then, when one of the designated “favorite people” writes a review, or comes up with an interesting recommendation, it will be displayed on a page designated for such purposes. Thus, the user has a customized review page displaying reviews more likely to be of interest to the user. The page illustrated in FIG. 3A displays the names of the designated favorite people, wherein the names are linked to the designated persons profile page. Activating the link causes the user's browser to display the corresponding profile page.

The example profile page illustrated in FIG. 3A also displays in a “your reviews, requests, & recommendations” area the user's designated shared purchases and private ratings generated by the user. Viewing by customers of the shared purchases is restricted to customers specified by the user.

In addition, a wish list area displays items that the user has placed on their wish list. In this example, the item is designated at private, that is, not viewable by other customers.

FIG. 3B illustrates an example customized review page including reviews by the user's designated “favorite people.” In addition, the page illustrated in FIG. 3 displays, in a “your participation” area, the number of favorite people designated by the user, the number of designated shared purchases, and the number of items on the user's wish list. In addition, other top reviewers images and names are displayed, along with a tally of the number of helpful votes the reviewer has received and the number of reviews written by the reviewer on the Web site. The reviewers' names are linked to their profile pages. In addition, a link is provided to a page displaying the top rated reviewers.

The example page illustrated in FIG. 3A also displays the most popular book in the user's designated purchase circle. A purchase circle is a specialized bestseller lists, reporting best sellers, such as the top 10 or 20 best selling books, for a selected purchase group, such as for a given zip code, domain name, company, school or city.

FIG. 3C illustrates and example page including reviews written by the user associated with the profile page illustrated in FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4 illustrates a product information page for a DVD of Mary Poppins, including an editorial review and two customer reviews, a rating associated with each customer review, a ranking of the customer who authored the second customer review, and a link to a review entry page, entitled “write and online review.” As illustrated in FIG. 4, associated with each customer review is a survey question asking “was this review helpful to you?”. A reader can vote yes or no by activating the appropriate soft button. In addition, associated with each customer review is a tally of how many “yes” votes the review received and how many total votes were received. For example, the first review, titled “is it impossible to make films like this anymore,” includes a tally indicating that 5 out of 5 people found the review helpful. The second review, titled “fantastic fantasy,” includes a tally stating that 11 out of 12 people found the review helpful, indicating that the review received 11 “yes” votes and 1 “no” vote. The second review, also includes a ranking indicating that the reviewer is a “top 50 reviewer,” that is, has received enough “helpful” votes to place the reviewer among those 50 reviewers having the most “helpful” votes.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the first review is by an anonymous author, called “viewer.” Therefore, no links are provided is association with the review to the reviewer's profile page. The second review was authored by “Bob.” The text “Bob” is linked to Bob's profile page. Thus, by activating the link the user is presented with Bob's profile page and can learn more about Bob and read other public reviews authored by Bob. In addition, the text “top 50 reviewer,” indicating the reviewer's ranking” is linked to a “top reviewers” page or page which display top ranked reviewers. The “top reviewers” page is discussed in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 6.

Activating the “write an online review” link causes the example customer review entry form illustrated in FIG. 5 to be displayed. The form includes an image of the product being reviewed, a rating entry field, a title field, and a review text field. In this example, the rating field is implemented as a drop down menu which allows the customer to give a 1-5 star rating of the item being reviewed. The review title field allows the customer to give a brief title for the customer's review. The review text field is used to received a textual review. The length of the review may be limited. In this example, the review is limited to 1,000 words, though other limitations may be used.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the customer can specify whether the customer's public nickname is to be displayed in association with the review, or whether the review is to be displayed anonymously, that is, without the customer's nickname. The customer can also specify the customer's geographical location, including city, state and country information. In this embodiment, the customer's geographical location is displayed in association with the review even when the review is designated as anonymous. An “I own it” field allows the reviewer to indicate whether or not the reviewer owns the item being reviewer.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example page listing reviewers having selected rankings. For example, the top or ranked reviewers pages may display information on the top 1,000 reviewers, including their names or nicknames, all or excerpts of their personal descriptions, and optionally, a photo or image associated with a corresponding reviewer. A tally of the number of reviews authored by the reviewers is also provided. The name of each ranked reviewer is linked to their profile page, where readers can view the reviewer's profile information designated as public. In addition, the “more” text following each personal description excerpts also includes a link to the corresponding profile page.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example online process 700 for receiving, processing, and presenting evaluations for reviews of the type illustrated in FIG. 4. Beginning at state 702, the process proceeds to state 704. An evaluation in the form of a “helpful” or “not helpful” vote or the like is received. At state 706, the received vote is tabulated with previous votes received for the review. Based on the tabulated votes, at state 708 a review score is calculated for display with the review. At state 710, the reviewer's the vote is also tabulated with votes for other reviews by the reviewer and a reviewer score is calculated. At state 712 the reviewer's score is compared with that of other reviewers. Based on the comparison of the reviewer's score with the scores of others, at state 714 a determination is made as to whether the reviewer has reached a certain stature as a reviewer, that is, whether the reviewer is a “top” reviewer as defined by the review system. If the reviewer is not entitled to such as designation, then the process 700 proceeds to state 716, and no ranking designation is provided. Otherwise, the process 700 proceeds to state 718 where the appropriate designation is assigned to the reviewer based on the comparison performed at state 712. By way of example, the designation may be “Top 100 Reviewer.” At state 720, the review is displayed is association with the reviewed item on a product information page, wherein the reviewer's designation is displayed in conjunction with the review. At state 722, the reviewer's name is displayed on a “top reviewers” page, such as that illustrated in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary commerce system, including software and hardware components for implementing a review processing and customer information sharing system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention and illustrates typical user components for accessing the system. As depicted by this drawing, customers access the Web site 850 using respective personal computers 852, 854 or other general-purpose computers, terminals, or clients that have access to the Internet. The customers may alternatively access the Web site 850 using special purpose devices. The customer computers 852, 854 may run commercially-available Web browser applications 862, 864 such as Microsoft Internet Explorer® or Netscape Navigator®, which implement the basic World Wide Web standards such as HTTP and HTML.

The computers 852, 854 may also run a commercially available e-mail application 856, 866, such as, Microsoft Outlook® or Netscape Navigator®, which may be used to receive communications from the merchant-related Web site 550. For example, the e-mail application 856, 866 may be used to receive gift reminders, as previously described. The e-mail applications 856, 866 and the browsers 862, 864 may be integrated with one another, and/or may be integrated with other application programs or the operating system.

In the embodiment described herein, the Web site 850 includes a computer system and associated content that are accessible via the Internet. The Web site 850 may optionally include content that spans multiple Internet domains, and/or may be implemented using physical servers that are geographically remote from one another. In other embodiments, the Web site 850 may be in the form of an intranet site, in which case the computers 852, 854 may be coupled to the site solely by a private network. For example, Web site 850 may be in the form of an internal corporate store site for company employees.

In other embodiments, the Web site 850 may be replaced with another type of network site. For example, the various services described herein could alternatively be implemented on a hypertextual site or browsing area of an online services network such as America Online® or MSN®, or using interactive TV, in which case users may access the site using software that implements non-standard document formats and transfer protocols.

As further depicted by FIG. 8, the Web site 850 includes a commercially-available Web server application 870. The Web server application 870 accesses an HTML and products database 876 used to generate Web pages in response to the actions of end users. Various other back-end components (not shown) are also used for this purpose.

The Web site 850 also includes review processing and customer information sharing applications 872 which includes the basic functionality for receiving customer reviews and review evaluations, as well as for processing user instructions relating to the sharing of customer purchase information and other private information, as previously discussed. The review processing and customer information sharing applications 872 access a review database 878 and a customer account database 880. The review database 878 stores customer and professional reviews, pointers to the corresponding items being reviewed, and evaluations associated with the customer reviews. The customer account database 880 includes information used to populate the customer's profile page, including the customer's name, nickname, e-mail address, reviewer ranking, if any, purchase history, and an indication as to which items of information are designated as private and which are designated as public, and who may be view selected private information.

The scoring application 882 calculate scores for reviews and customer reviewers. As previously discussed, the scores may be based on the number of “helpful” votes a review received and/or the number of “not helpful” votes received. The scoring is used by the review processing application 872 to rank reviewers based on a tally of scores received for some or all of the reviewers written by a given customer. The score for each review is also stored in association with the review in the review database 880.

As discussed above, a customer can optionally specify that information on selected purchases is to be shared with others. Further, the customer can optionally specify with whom the purchase information is to be shared with. FIGS. 9A-C illustrate an explanation page that explains, for one embodiment, the different statuses that can be assigned by one customer to another customer and how those statuses are assigned. For example, a person can be designated as a “trusted friend,” that is, someone who has permission to view private areas of the customer's profile or “about you” page and information on the customer's purchases. Additionally, as previously discussed, a customer can designate a person as a “favorite person,” that is, someone whose reviews the customer is particularly interested in. Reviews authored by a designated favorite person or placed on a page customized for the customer.

FIGS. 10A-B illustrate an example customer purchase sharing page for specifying for which of a customer's purchases is information to be shared with designated others. The page or pages lists items purchased made by the customer. In association with each item is a review field and a rating field. The customer may enter a review for the item into the review field. For example, for an animated film the customer may enter the comment “cutting edge animation.” In addition or instead, the customer can provide a point rating, such as a rating on a scale of 1 to 5, by activating the appropriate number in the rating field, which will then be marked with a dot, checkmark or the like. Otherwise, a “?” field will be marked, indicating no numerical rating has been provided.

FIG. 11A illustrates an example page used by a customer to specify who may view the customer's purchase sharing page. The customer may specify who is authorized to view the customer's purchase sharing page by entering their e-mail address into an e-mail field. In this example, the e-mail address is to a johndoe@example. An invitation, such as that illustrated in FIG. 12, is then e-mailed to the specified e-mail address. The invitation notifies the invitee that he or she has been added to the customer's list of those authorized to view private information on the customer's profile page and information on the customer's purchases. In addition, a link to the customer's profile page is provided so that the invitee can activate the link and the profile page will be displayed on the invitee's computer browser.

FIG. 11B illustrates an example page used by a customer to change the status of another user with respect the customer and to display who has been invited, to view the customer's purchase sharing page but has not responded. Thus, for example, the customer can designate a listed person as a “trusted friend,” that is, someone who is authorized to view the customer's purchase information, or can designate the listed person as a “favorite people,” that is, as previously discussed, someone whose reviews the customer is particularly interested in, or can delete the listed person as a “favorite person” or “trusted friend.” The illustrated page lists who has not responded to the customer's invitation to become a trusted friend and allows the customer to request that another invitation to e-mailed to the non-responsive person. The customer can also specify that the customer does not want to receive an e-mail notification each time the customer is designated by another as a “trusted friend.”

Thus the present invention provides a review processing system that helps customers select which items to purchase by customer-authored product reviews. Further, customers can rate product reviews, thereby identifying which reviews are useful and which reviewers tend to provide more useful reviews, thereby allowing customers to efficiently locate helpful reviews. To further provide helpful customer generated shopping information, customers can selectively share information regarding purchases with friends, family, and others.

While certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the breadth and scope of the present invention should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents. 

1. A method of allowing a first user of an electronic commerce entity to communicate information related to the first user's purchases to others, the method comprising: receiving over a network at a computer system an authorization by the first user for at least a second user to view information on at least a portion of the first user's purchases, said information identifying at least a first item as having been purchased by the first user, and including the first user's review of the first item; receiving over the network at the computer system a selection made by the first user of which of a plurality of items purchased by the first user are to be exposed to the second user as having been purchased by the first user; providing, using the computer system, a notification to the second user, wherein the notification informs the second user of the first user's authorization; and providing, using the computer system, the second user access via a site to said information on at least a portion of the first user's purchases, including the first user's review of the first item.
 2. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the notification is provided in an email message.
 3. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the notification is provided on a Web page.
 4. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the first user's authorization includes an e-mail address of the second user.
 5. The method as defined in claim 4, further comprising including a one-use token in the notification if the second user's e-mail address does not match any e-mail addresses stored in a user database associated with the electronic commerce entity.
 6. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the notification includes a link to a page displaying information related to the first user's purchases.
 7. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising notifying at least the second user, via the site, of who has received authorization to receive information on the first user's purchases.
 8. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising electronically receiving authorization from the second user for users who are authorized to view information on at least a portion of the first user's purchases to also view information regarding at least some of the second user's purchases.
 9. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising providing a preview to the first user of the information on the first user's purchases that will be accessible to the second user.
 10. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising transacting the first user's purchases over the network.
 11. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising receiving over the network a user authorization for the second user to view the first user's wish list.
 12. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising, in response to said authorization, granting the second user access on the site to the first user's reviews of items associated with user purchases that the second user is authorized to view.
 13. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising facilitating the provision of a user interface to the first user listing the first user's purchases, via which the first user can specify which user purchases may be viewed by at least the second user.
 14. The method as defined in claim 1, further comprising: receiving a purchase order from the first user; and in response to receiving the purchase order, providing to the first user a user-selectable option to share information related to the purchase order with others.
 15. A computer-implemented method of privately sharing information related to transaction histories of users, the method comprising; at least partly causing a user interface to be presented via a computing device to a first user, the user interface identifying a plurality of items ordered by the first user from a catalog, as determined from a transaction record of the first user, and providing functionality for the first user to select, on an item-by-item basis, which of the plurality of items to expose to a first group of users as having been ordered by the first user, said first group being definable by the first user; receiving over a network, from said computing device, at least (a) the first user's designation of at least a first item, of said plurality of items, to expose to the first group of users, and (b) the first user's review of the first item; receiving, over the network, addresses supplied by the first user of other users designated by the first user to be included in said first group; in response to receiving the addresses supplied by the first user, automatically sending electronic messages to each of said other users designated by the first user to be included in the first group, said messages inviting respective message recipients to access private information associated with the first user, and including a link to a site on which said private information may be accessed; and controlling user access to the private information associated with the first user, including at least the first user's review of the first item, such that members of the first group are permitted to access the private information associated with the first user, and such that other users who are not members of the first group are not permitted to access the private information.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the user interface includes, for each of the plurality of items ordered by the first user, at least (a) a field for supplying a textual comment, and (b) an area for supplying an item rating on a specified scale, and wherein resulting textual comments and item ratings supplied by the first user are made available via the site to members of the first group.
 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the private information identifies the first item as having been purchased by the first user.
 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising providing the first group of users restricted access, via the site, to a private web page that is uniquely associated with the first user, and which displays at least some of the private information.
 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising notifying the first user, via a user interface of the site, of whether responses have been received to the messages.
 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising presenting to the first user a user interface that lists users who are members of the first group, and which provides functionality for the first user to selectively remove a user from the first group.
 21. A computer-implemented method of privately sharing item review information, the method comprising: facilitating access to a site that hosts an electronic catalog of items and provides functionality for users to initiate transactions in which items selected from the electronic catalog are delivered to the users; transmitting, over a computer network, for presentation to a first user of the site, a first user interface that prompts the first user to supply a rating of, and a textual comment regarding, an item represented in the electronic catalog, said first user interface being associated with a transaction in which the item was delivered to the first user; receiving, over the computer network as a result of submission by the first user of the first user interface, the first user's review of the item, said review including the first user's rating of, and comment regarding, the item; storing the first user's review of the item in an electronic repository; transmitting, over the computer network, for presentation to the first user, a second user interface that includes a field for the first user to supply an address of at least one other user who is authorized by the first user to access the first user's review of the item; receiving, over the computer network, as a result of submission of the second user interface by the first user, an address of a second user who is authorized by the first user to access the first user's review of the item; in response to receiving the address of the second user, automatically sending a message for the second user, said message inviting the second user to access private information associated with the first user, and including a link via which the private information can be accessed; and facilitating restricted access to the first user's review of the item, such that the second user has access to the first user's review, and such that other users not authorized by the first user do not have access to the first user's review.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first user interface displays a plurality of items represented within a transaction history of the first user, and includes fields for the first user to supply reviews of each of the plurality of items.
 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the first user interface provides functionality for the first user to designate, on an item-by-item basis, which of the plurality of items is/are to be exposed to the second user as being included in the first user's transaction history.
 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising providing the second user restricted access via the site to at least a portion of a transaction history of the first user.
 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising providing the second user restricted access via the site to a portion of a transaction history of the first user, said portion being specified by the first user via the site on an item-by-item basis.
 26. The method of claim 21, wherein said restricted access is provided such that the only users who can access the first user's review of the item via the site, other than the first user, are users specifically designated by the first user.
 27. The method of claim 21, wherein providing restricted access comprises providing, to a plurality of users specifically designated by the first user, access to a plurality item reviews supplied by the first user.
 28. The method of claim 21, further comprising notifying the first user, via a user interface provided via the site, whether the second user has responded to the message.
 29. The method of claim 21, further comprising transmitting to the first user a web page that lists users who are authorized to access the private information associated with the first user, including said review, and which provides functionality for the first user to selectively discontinue such authorization on a user-by-user basis.
 30. An apparatus configured to enable a first user to communicate information related to the first user's purchases to others, the apparatus comprising: a computing device; a medium that stores instructions, that when executed by the computing device, are configured to cause the computing device to: receive an authorization by the first user for at least a second user to view information on at least a portion of the first user's purchases, said information identifying at least a first item as having been purchased by the first user, and including the first user's review of the first item; receive a selection made by the first user of which of a plurality of items purchased by the first user are to be exposed to the second user as having been purchased by the first user; provide a notification to the second user, wherein the notification informs the second user of the first user's authorization; and provide the second user access via a site to said information on at least a portion of the first user's purchases, including the first user's review of the first item.
 31. The apparatus as defined in claim 30, wherein the notification includes a link to a page displaying information related to the first user's purchases.
 32. The apparatus as defined in claim 30, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the computing device to receive over the network a user authorization for the second user to view the first user's wish list.
 33. The apparatus as defined in claim 30, wherein the instructions are configured to grant, in response to said authorization, the second user access on the site to the first user's reviews of items associated with user purchases that the second user is authorized to view.
 34. A medium that stores instructions, that when executed by a computing device, are configured to cause the computing device to perform operations comprising: receiving an authorization by the first user for at least a second user to view information on at least a portion of the first user's purchases, said information identifying at least a first item as having been purchased by the first user, and including the first user's review of the first item; receiving a selection made by the first user of which of a plurality of items purchased by the first user are to be exposed to the second user as having been purchased by the first user; providing a notification to the second user, wherein the notification informs the second user of the first user's authorization; and providing the second user access via a site to said information on at least a portion of the first user's purchases, including the first user's review of the first item.
 35. The medium as defined in claim 34, wherein the notification includes a link to a page displaying information related to the first user's purchases.
 36. The medium as defined in claim 34, the operations further comprising receiving over the network a user authorization for the second user to view the first user's wish list.
 37. The medium as defined in claim 34, the operations further comprising, in response to said authorization, granting the second user access on the site to the first user's reviews of items associated with user purchases that the second user is authorized to view. 